Set Sound Output

When I first installed Ubuntu onto a PC with an integrated audio device and tried to play a media file on a player, it had no sound. I tried these simple steps in setting Sound Preferences and then it had sound. It works for me for the audio device I have.

1. Go to System > Preferences > Sound to bring up the Sound Preferences window.
2. Under the Hardware tab, change Profile to Analog Stereo Duplex from the drop-down menu.
3. Under the Output tab, change Connector to Analog Output (LFE)/Amplifier from the drop-down menu.

As the items available from the drop-down menus might differ depending on the hardware devices detected by the system, you might want to try other items in the menus to see if they work for your devices. It might also help to check out the steps in Sound Troubleshooting from the Ubuntu Documentation.
Playing a media file in a proprietary format on a player might also have no sound if the required codecs are not installed. In this case, see Enable Media Playback in this article.

Manually Mount a USB Drive

A USB storage device plugged into the system usually mounts automatically, but if for some reasons it doesn't automount, it's possible to manually mount it with these steps.

1. Go to Applications (or Main Menu) > Accessories > Terminal.
2. Enter sudo mkdir /media/usb to create a mount point called usb.
3. Enter sudo fdisk -l to look for the USB drive already plugged in, let's say the drive you want to mount is /dev/sdb1.
4. Enter sudo mount -t vfat /dev/sdb1 /media/usb -o uid=1000,gid=100,utf8,dmask=027,fmask=137 to mount a USB drive formatted with FAT16 or FAT32 system. OR:
   Enter sudo mount -t ntfs-3g /dev/sdb1 /media/usb to mount a USB drive formatted with NTFS system.

To unmount it, just enter sudo umount /media/usb in the Terminal.

Auto Mount Drives at System Startup

Ubuntu is capable of reading and writing files stored on Windows formatted partitions, but partitions must be 'mounted' before they can be accessed each time you start up the system. With these steps, you can auto mount the drives without the need to manually mount them for access.

1. Install Storage Device Manager if it has not been added.
   
   1. Go to Applications (or Main Menu) > Ubuntu Software Center.
   2. Enter pysdm in the Search Box.
   3. Select Storage Device Manager, click the "Install" button.
2. Go to System > Administration > Storage Device Manager, enter password.
3. Extend the list of sda and select the sda you want to auto mount, click 'OK' to configure.
4. Click the "Assistant" button.
5. Uncheck "Mount file system in read only mode" and keep "The file system is mounted at boot time" checked.
6. Click the "Mount", "Apply" then "Close" button, and restart the system.

If you wish to remove the auto-mount of a certain drive, you can similarly use Storage Device Manager to do the setting.

Stand Out From The Crowd

Stand Out From The Crowd

More, More Reasons Then

At first, I thought it was impossible for me to quit from this world. Ya know, it’s kinda funny, and free myself as well. No need to pretend as another person. I am myself, in this world. Those people are idealistic, and I feel comfy to be with’em. Feels like climbing a mountain, yet I enjoy the views then.

But nowadays, that thought ruins my mind. Ok, it’s been only one year. Ok I’m not that great. But I DO enjoy this. But there are tons of reason to leave these all, then. Ok my tears seem like want to spill, as I write this. Such a burden, I should make a clear stance.